This is an initial list of all the available downloadable sewing machine manuals, service manuals, parts lists and instructions that could be located. It is not, nor ever will be, complete but we will endeavour to update it when new sources come to light. User manual SINGER 2808 - Download your SINGER 2808 user guide or user manual User manual SINGER 2808 LIST OF PARTS SEWING MACHINE. Lastmanuals offers a socially driven service of sharing, storing and searching manuals related to use of hardware and software: user guide, owner's manual, quick start guide, technical datasheets. View and Download Brother BE-0901E-AC instruction manual online. Electronic Embroidery Machine Optional Functions. BE-0901E-AC Sewing Machine pdf manual download. View and Download SINGER NO. 27 instructions for using manual online. 27 Sewing Machine pdf manual download. Electric sewing machine (9 pages). 27 & 28 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING SINGER. SEWING MACHINE NO. 27 & 28 VIBRATING SHUTTLE, FOR FAMILY USE When requiring Look for the Needle, Oil, Red 'S' Parts or Repairs, There are Singer for.
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Eldredge Sewing Machines 1880s
Sears 'clone' machine of Singer New Family (?) (1897 Sears Catalog)Eldredge vibrating shuttle sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethel)
Vibrating Shuttle Sewing Machines 1880s-1890s
Head of Acme vibrating shuttle machine (1897 Sears Catalog)Acme sewing machine in treadle cabinet (1897 Sears Catalog)
Iowa vibrating shuttle machine in treadle cabinet (1897 Sears Catalog)
Head of Minnesota vibrating shuttle machine (1897 Sears Catalog)
New Queen sewing machine in treadle cabinet (1897 Sears Catalog)
Prifzlarf sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)
Goodrich sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethel)
Vibrating Shuttle Sewing Machines 1900s-1920s
Improved New Goodrich sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethel)National Weyemouth Mercury sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethel)
Bracket motor turned under the arm when not in use
Brunswick sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)
Brunswick sewing machine head (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)
Shorter Portable Brunswick with cast iron base (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)
Windsor B sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)
Vibrating Shuttle Sewing Machines 1920s-1930s
National Damascus sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethel)Late model Windsor B sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)
Rotary Sewing Machine
Position of the automatic tensionPosition of the stitch regulator, bobbin winder, and loose pully
National Damascus Grand sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethel)
National sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)
Volo Electric sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)
Vaucelle Rotary sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)
Chain Stitch Sewing Machine
Western Electric chainstich sewing machine (Photo courtesy of G. Bethell)Two Spool Sewing Machine
Mechanism of the Eldredge two-spool machineSide View of the Eldredge two-spool machine
A vibrating shuttle is a bobbin driver design used in home lockstitch sewing machines during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It supplanted earlier transverse shuttle designs, but was itself supplanted by rotating shuttle designs.
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- 2History
Overview[edit]
Vibrating shuttle in its carrier
In order to create a lockstitch a sewing machine intertwines two threads: an upper thread (descending with the needle into the workpiece from above) and a lower thread (ascending into the workpiece from the bobbin below). To intertwine them, the machine must pass its shuttle (containing the bobbin and the lower thread) through a loop temporarily created from the upper thread.
Singer shuttle with bobbin exposed
Early sewing machines of the 19th century oscillate their shuttles back and forth on horizontal tracks—an arrangement called a 'transverse shuttle'. A vibrating shuttle machine, by contrast, 'vibrates' its shuttle in a circular arc. This movement represents less total mechanical motion, which means less friction, less wear, higher maximum speed, and higher reliability than in a transverse shuttle system.[1]
The shuttle itself is long and slender, shaped like a bullet, with a pointed tip that is sometimes called the hook. The tip is pointed for the purpose of intercepting the small loop temporarily created (by a brief upward needle motion) in the upper thread—see pictures below of its operation. The bobbin too is long and slender to fit inside the shuttle; in this regard it is very different than the fat rotary bobbins of later sewing machines.
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History[edit]
Although popularized by Singer's 27/127 model series sewing machine, the vibrating shuttle was not invented at Singer.
Wilson[edit]
White Vibrating Shuttle Sewing Machine
Page 2 from Wilson's patent 7776, showing the shuttle
It was actually invented by Allen B. Wilson in 1850, just one year before he would invent the rotary hook design that would eventually prevail over all other lockstitch bobbin driver designs. Wilson's original patent is US patent 7776, granted 12 November 1850, with reissues RE345 on 22 January 1856 and RE414 on 9 December 1856. The second page of his patent, showing the shuttle in its arc, is shown at left.
He was soon beset with patent litigation from the owners of the John Bradshaw patent:
- 'He was approached by the owners of the Bradshaw 1848 patent, who claimed control of the double-pointed shuttle. Although this claim was without justification, as can be seen by examining the Bradshaw patent specifications, Wilson did not have sufficient funds to fight the claim. In order to avoid a suit, he relinquished to A. P. Kline and Edward Lee, a one-half interest in his U.S. patent 7,776 […]'[2]
His machine 'had a considerable sale, but was not satisfactory to its inventor, who set himself to work to produce something more practical'—a new rotary hook design.[3]
Porter and Baker[edit]
Page from White company literature
The vibrating shuttle got a new lease on life two decades later, in 1876 when all those patents had expired. The White Sewing Machine Company developed a machine around it which became the company's flagship product—so much so that it was originally named the 'White Sewing Machine', only later taking the name 'White Vibrating Shuttle' when a rotary hook model was added to the product line.
Whitehill[edit]
Singer Vibrating Shuttle Sewing Machine
The vibrating shuttle's next development came in 1885, at the hands of Scottish immigrant Robert Whitehill. He designed a new machine around it which Singer bought and popularized.
The initial design of the Porter/Baker shuttle would change little throughout the 86 years[4] that it would remain in production at White and then at Singer. This can be seen in the following shuttle-threading diagrams taken from the White and Singer instruction manuals:
White Sewing Machine | Singer Model 27 and 127 |
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Operation[edit]
The following photo gallery shows the vibrating shuttle cycling through a single stitch. In the pictures, the silver sliding covers have been opened to show the operation of the shuttle; normally they would be closed to prevent interference between the workpiece and the shuttle.
1 | Shuttle is forward and beginning to move rearward. Needle is up and beginning to move downward. |
2 | Shuttle is midway and still moving rearward. Needle is down. |
3 | Shuttle is rearward and beginning to move forward again. Needle moves slightly upward to form a small loop in the upper thread at the needle's eye. |
4 | Shuttle is midway, and its point ('hook') has passed through the loop in the upper thread. Upper thread is now looped around the shuttle's waist. Needle is up. |
5 | Shuttle is forward again, having completely passed through the loop in the upper thread. Loop in upper thread is now being pulled straight (trapping the lower thread in a lockstitch) by the take-up arm. Needle is still up. |
Obsolescence[edit]
The vibrating shuttle was a significant innovation towards the goal of a simple, fast, and reliable lockstitch sewing machine, and the design remained popular for decades. Indeed, even twenty-five years later, on 10 October 1910, Singer was awarded US patent 1005177 for a new shuttle-ejector mechanism for it. (The improvement is one of those incorporated into the 'modernized' models 127 and 128 that replaced the 27 and 28.)
Later sewing machines abandoned such designs in favor of the faster rotary and/or hook-based designs.
Rotary and hook-based designs are superior because they do not cause their sewing machine to shake and 'walk' the way that vibrating and transverse shuttles do. Vibrating shuttle machines nevertheless remained in production until the 1960s.[5]
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References[edit]
- ^See text of this 1920s advertising card from Singer: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singer.1920sAdvertisingFolder.back.jpg
- ^Grace Rogers Cooper, The Invention of the Sewing Machine (1968), chapter two, page 26, retrieved 2010-08-05 from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/32677/32677.txt or 2010-08-31 from http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/HST/Cooper/CF/page_display_02.cfm?start=40
- ^Adams, Charles Kendall (1895). Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia: A New Edition. p. 449.
- ^First White Sewing Machine built in 1876, last documented Singer 128 production batch ET613325-ET638324 built in 1962; refer to the production records section of the Singer Model 27 and 127 page for details.
- ^Last documented Singer 128 production batch ET613325-ET638324 built in 1962; refer to the production records section of the Singer Model 27 and 127 page for details.
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